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Industrial automation glossary: English–Vietnamese
Short definitions of 71 industrial automation terms, in English and Vietnamese. Each definition is a short summary of one of TDL's technical articles and links to that article for the full explanation and its sources.
Control and safety systems
- BPCS (Vietnamese: hệ điều khiển quá trình cơ bản)
- BPCS = Basic Process Control System. The system that does normal process control: PID loops, start-up and shutdown sequences and operating interlocks. In a process plant the DCS is the BPCS; the safety instrumented system is kept as a separate, independent layer.
Read more: What Is an ICSS? Integrated Control and Safety Systems in Oil and Gas: PCS, SIS/ESD, F&G on Rockwell - DCS (Vietnamese: hệ điều khiển phân tán)
- DCS = Distributed Control System. A process control system in which control is spread over several controllers on one network, while operator screens, alarms, history and engineering are handled centrally as one system. It grew up around large continuous processes such as refineries and chemical plants.
Read more: What is a DCS? PLC-based system vs DCS, Rockwell PlantPAx and where the SIS fits in an ICSS - ESD (Vietnamese: dừng khẩn cấp)
- ESD = Emergency Shutdown. A safety function or system that brings the process to a safe state when it crosses defined limits. NIST lists ESD as a type of safety system; in an ICSS it belongs to the SIS, and its exact scope is set by each project's safety analysis.
Read more: What Is an ICSS? Integrated Control and Safety Systems in Oil and Gas: PCS, SIS/ESD, F&G on Rockwell - F&G (fire and gas system; Vietnamese: hệ phát hiện cháy và khí)
- F&G = Fire and Gas. The system that detects fire and gas leaks, raises alarms and triggers protective action, built from detectors, an F&G controller and alarm and suppression outputs. It is one of the subsystems of an ICSS.
Read more: What Is an ICSS? Integrated Control and Safety Systems in Oil and Gas: PCS, SIS/ESD, F&G on Rockwell - HMI (Vietnamese: giao diện người – máy)
- HMI = Human-Machine Interface. The hardware or software through which an operator sees the state of a machine or process and acts on it: reading values and alarms, changing setpoints and parameters. It can be a panel at the machine, HMI software on a PC or screens in a web browser; the control algorithms stay in the controller.
Read more: What is an HMI? Operator panel, PC-based HMI or web client, and how to choose - ICSS (Vietnamese: hệ điều khiển và an toàn tích hợp)
- ICSS = Integrated Control and Safety System. The oil and gas term for the complete automation system of a platform, terminal or plant: process control (BPCS), the safety instrumented system (including ESD), fire and gas, plus shared operator stations and historian. Interface and data are shared; the safety functions stay separate.
Read more: What Is an ICSS? Integrated Control and Safety Systems in Oil and Gas: PCS, SIS/ESD, F&G on Rockwell - IED (Vietnamese: thiết bị điện tử thông minh)
- IED = Intelligent Electronic Device. A device such as a protective relay that, in SCADA systems for dispersed assets, can connect straight to the SCADA server.
Read more: What Is SCADA? How It Differs from PLC, HMI and DCS, Plant Architecture and How to Choose a Platform - OT (operational technology; Vietnamese: công nghệ vận hành)
- OT = Operational Technology. NIST's broad term for programmable systems that interact with the physical world, industrial control systems among them. OT components often stay in service 10 to 15 years or longer, against three to five years for typical IT components.
Read more: What is industrial automation? Levels from sensor to MES, networks, production types and the system life cycle - PLC
- PLC = Programmable Logic Controller. An industrial computer hardened for plant conditions that reads sensors, runs logic, timers, counters and PID loops, and drives valves and motors. PLCs were first built for car plants to replace hard-wired relay logic.
Read more: What is industrial automation? Levels from sensor to MES, networks, production types and the system life cycle - RTU (Vietnamese: bộ điều khiển tại trạm xa)
- A controller at a remote site of a SCADA system for dispersed assets such as pipelines, water distribution or power grids. Like a PLC it runs local logic and controls local actuators, and the SCADA servers collect its data.
Read more: What Is SCADA? How It Differs from PLC, HMI and DCS, Plant Architecture and How to Choose a Platform - SCADA (Vietnamese: giám sát, điều khiển và thu thập dữ liệu)
- SCADA = Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition. The software and server layer above the PLCs and RTUs: it collects data from many controllers, shows it to operators, raises alarms, records history and sends commands or setpoints down. The control logic and interlocks stay in the PLC or RTU.
Read more: What Is SCADA? How It Differs from PLC, HMI and DCS, Plant Architecture and How to Choose a Platform - SIS (Vietnamese: hệ an toàn công cụ)
- SIS = Safety Instrumented System. A separate protection layer that brings the process to a safe state when set limits are exceeded. It is made of one or more safety instrumented functions (SIF), each with sensors, a logic solver and final elements such as valves, and is usually kept independent of the BPCS so that a control system failure does not harm the safety functions.
Read more: What Is an ICSS? Integrated Control and Safety Systems in Oil and Gas: PCS, SIS/ESD, F&G on Rockwell - Switchover (Vietnamese: chuyển sang bộ dự phòng)
- In a redundant pair (controllers or SCADA servers), the moment the standby unit takes over from the active one. On ControlLogix it happens automatically on events such as power loss, a controller major fault or a module failure, or on command, for example for maintenance; it should be tested before operation.
Read more: What to check on a ControlLogix redundancy system before FAT: a checklist for 5580 and 5570
Industrial networks
- CIP Security
- CIP = Common Industrial Protocol. An ODVA standard that lets EtherNet/IP devices authenticate each other and provides data integrity and encryption. On Rockwell systems the policies are set in FactoryTalk Policy Manager and workstations connect through FactoryTalk Linx (RSLinx Classic cannot be used); devices need a minimum firmware.
Read more: Rockwell Allen-Bradley PLC security: off the internet, RUN keyswitch, port 44818 blocked, firmware, backups - DAN (PRP)
- In a PRP network, a device with two PRP ports that connects directly to both LAN A and LAN B; it uses the same subnet on both networks.
Read more: DLR or PRP: Choosing Redundancy for an EtherNet/IP Network - DLR (Vietnamese: mạng vòng DLR)
- DLR = Device Level Ring. An EtherNet/IP ring protocol defined by ODVA that detects and recovers from a single point of failure in the ring. A ring supervisor blocks one port in normal operation and opens it when the ring breaks, so traffic recovers within milliseconds; after one break the ring has no redundancy left, so its status must be monitored.
Read more: DLR or PRP: Choosing Redundancy for an EtherNet/IP Network - EtherNet/IP
- The industrial network that carries the Common Industrial Protocol (CIP) over standard Ethernet with TCP/IP and UDP, managed by ODVA. It is the main network for ControlLogix and CompactLogix and supports star, linear and Device Level Ring (DLR) topologies.
Read more: What is industrial automation? Levels from sensor to MES, networks, production types and the system life cycle - Modbus / Modbus TCP
- Modbus is a messaging structure developed by Modicon in 1979 and shared across many manufacturers; it runs over serial lines (RS-232, RS-485) and over Ethernet. Modbus TCP runs it over TCP/IP on port 502; it is common on power meters, drives and packaged equipment.
Read more: What is industrial automation? Levels from sensor to MES, networks, production types and the system life cycle - PRP (Vietnamese: giao thức dự phòng song song)
- PRP = Parallel Redundancy Protocol. A redundancy protocol (IEC 62439-3) that sends every packet at the same time over two independent networks, LAN A and LAN B; the receiver keeps the first copy and discards the second. When one network fails there is no recovery time, but it needs twice the number of switches.
Read more: DLR or PRP: Choosing Redundancy for an EtherNet/IP Network - RedBox (PRP)
- In a PRP network, the switch through which ordinary devices, which have no PRP ports of their own, connect to both LAN A and LAN B.
Read more: DLR or PRP: Choosing Redundancy for an EtherNet/IP Network
Plant data, MES and OPC
- DCOM
- The Microsoft protocol that carries COM calls between computers through remote procedure calls (RPC). OPC Classic uses it between machines; it needs TCP 135 plus dynamic ports, and since March 2023 Windows enforces a minimum authentication level (Packet Integrity), so OPC software that asks for less is refused.
Read more: OPC DA and DCOM errors after Windows updates: KB5004442, what to check and the path to OPC UA - Deadband (Vietnamese: vùng chết)
- A band around the last stored or reported value: changes smaller than it are ignored. In a historian a wider deadband stores fewer points but loses detail; in alarm management, deadband and delays are used to stop chattering alarms.
Read more: What is a process historian? Buffering, deadband and FactoryTalk Historian vs AVEVA PI vs Ignition - ERP
- Business software at ISA-95 level 4, with finance at its core. It sets the plant production schedule, material use, shipping and inventory, and exchanges production schedules and production performance with MES.
Read more: What is industrial automation? Levels from sensor to MES, networks, production types and the system life cycle - Historian (process historian)
- A time-series database for plant data: it records each tag's value with a timestamp and a quality or status, keeps it for years and returns trends, averages and interpolated values on request.
Read more: What is a process historian? Buffering, deadband and FactoryTalk Historian vs AVEVA PI vs Ignition - MES (Vietnamese: hệ thống điều hành sản xuất)
- MES = Manufacturing Execution System. Plant software at ISA-95 level 3, between ERP and the PLCs. It receives work orders and records what each line actually made, with which materials and which stops, tied to orders, lots and equipment.
Read more: What is MES: functions, signs you have outgrown Excel, custom software or MES on Ignition - OEE (Vietnamese: hiệu suất thiết bị tổng thể)
- OEE = Overall Equipment Effectiveness. The share of planned production time in which a machine or line makes good product at its ideal speed, calculated as availability × performance × quality.
Read more: What is OEE: the A × P × Q formula, a step-by-step shift example, the six big losses and common mistakes - OPC DA
- OPC DA = OPC Data Access. One of the OPC Classic specifications, which are built on Microsoft COM. When client and server are on different computers its calls travel as DCOM, so it is Windows-only and affected by Microsoft's DCOM hardening; OPC UA is the recommended path for new links.
Read more: OPC DA and DCOM errors after Windows updates: KB5004442, what to check and the path to OPC UA - OPC UA
- OPC UA = OPC Unified Architecture. The OPC Foundation's platform-independent, service-oriented architecture, released in 2008, that brings the older OPC Classic specifications together. It runs from controllers to the cloud, has built-in security (certificates, signing, encryption, user authentication) and an information model that gives data its context.
Read more: OPC DA and DCOM errors after Windows updates: KB5004442, what to check and the path to OPC UA - Store-and-forward (Vietnamese: đệm rồi gửi lại)
- Buffering at the data collector: while the historian archive or database cannot be reached, data is held in memory and on local disk, then sent in time order when the link returns. Buffers have size limits, so a long outage can still lose data.
Read more: What is a process historian? Buffering, deadband and FactoryTalk Historian vs AVEVA PI vs Ignition - TEEP
- TEEP = Total Effective Equipment Performance. OEE multiplied by utilization (planned production time ÷ all time). OEE shows how well the scheduled time is used; TEEP also counts the time that was never scheduled.
Read more: What is OEE: the A × P × Q formula, a step-by-step shift example, the six big losses and common mistakes
Standards: ISA and IEC
- Alarm flood (Vietnamese: lũ alarm)
- A period in which alarms arrive in a burst. EEMUA 191 treats a flood as starting when a 10-minute period has more than 10 new alarms and ending at the first 10-minute period with fewer than 5; flood suppression is one of the options decided during rationalization.
Read more: ISA-18.2 and IEC 62682: the alarm management lifecycle, rationalization, alarm floods and KPIs - Alarm rationalization (Vietnamese: hợp lý hóa alarm)
- The ISA-18.2 step of deciding and documenting each alarm: is it valid, what happens if nobody responds, its cause and corrective action and the time to respond, then its priority, class and limit. Alarms that fail the first checks are removed; the results go into the master alarm database.
Read more: ISA-18.2 and IEC 62682: the alarm management lifecycle, rationalization, alarm floods and KPIs - Conduit (IEC 62443; Vietnamese: kênh dẫn)
- A grouping of the communication channels that connect two or more zones and share the same security requirements. In practice it is the controlled link between zones, usually a firewall or a managed switch with access lists, together with the written list of allowed flows.
Read more: IEC 62443 explained: zones, conduits, security levels and the Purdue model - Display hierarchy (Vietnamese: phân cấp màn hình)
- The ISA-101 way of organising operator displays so the operator sees the whole picture first and opens detail only when needed. Rockwell names four levels: overview, process unit control, process unit detail, and process support and diagnostics; level 2 displays are designed first.
Read more: ISA-101 explained: the HMI lifecycle, philosophy, style guide, display hierarchy and high-performance HMI - High-performance HMI (Vietnamese: HMI hiệu suất cao)
- Operator displays designed along ISA-101 lines so the operator can scan for anomalies rather than look at a realistic picture of the plant: a neutral grey background, grey for normal states and strong colour reserved for alarms.
Read more: ISA-101 explained: the HMI lifecycle, philosophy, style guide, display hierarchy and high-performance HMI - IDMZ (Vietnamese: vùng đệm công nghiệp)
- IDMZ = Industrial Demilitarized Zone. The buffer zone between the plant's industrial network and the enterprise (office) network, and the only path between them. All traffic terminates in the IDMZ and none passes straight through; EtherNet/IP control traffic stays within the Industrial Zone.
Read more: IEC 62443 explained: zones, conduits, security levels and the Purdue model - IEC 62443
- A series of standards for the security of industrial automation and control systems (PLCs, DCS, SCADA, safety systems and the networks that connect them), written by the ISA99 committee and published identically by ISA and IEC. Different parts are written for the asset owner, service providers and product makers.
Read more: IEC 62443 explained: zones, conduits, security levels and the Purdue model - ISA-101
- ANSI/ISA-101.01-2015, the ISA standard for the operator displays (HMIs) of process control systems. It covers the HMI over its whole life, from design through operation and maintenance, and rests on three plant documents: an HMI philosophy, a style guide and a toolkit of symbols and faceplates.
Read more: ISA-101 explained: the HMI lifecycle, philosophy, style guide, display hierarchy and high-performance HMI - ISA-18.2 (IEC 62682)
- ANSI/ISA-18.2, Management of Alarm Systems for the Process Industries, first published in 2009 and the basis of IEC 62682. It sets out an alarm management lifecycle, from the alarm philosophy through rationalization, design, operation, monitoring and management of change to audit.
Read more: ISA-18.2 and IEC 62682: the alarm management lifecycle, rationalization, alarm floods and KPIs - ISA-88 (S88)
- The ISA series of standards for batch control (IEC 61512). It describes equipment (the physical model) and procedures (the procedural model and recipes) rather than software, so that recipes can change without changing the equipment logic.
Read more: ISA-88 (IEC 61512) batch control: physical model, procedures, recipes and phase states - ISA-95 (IEC 62264)
- A series of standards for integrating a company's business and logistics systems (such as ERP) with its manufacturing control systems. It defines five levels, from the physical process (level 0) to business planning (level 4), common terms and activity and information models, and mainly covers the exchange between level 3 (manufacturing operations, such as MES) and level 4 (ERP).
Read more: ISA-95 (IEC 62264) explained: five levels, level 3 MOM activities, equipment hierarchy, ERP–MES integration - Phase (ISA-88)
- The smallest procedural element in ISA-88 and the level that links the recipe to the equipment, for example heat, mix, transfer or charge. The recipe phase sends commands; the equipment phase in the controller carries them out and follows a state model (Idle, Running, Held, Complete and so on).
Read more: ISA-88 (IEC 61512) batch control: physical model, procedures, recipes and phase states - Purdue model (Vietnamese: mô hình Purdue)
- Purdue Enterprise Reference Architecture (PERA). A reference model developed in the 1990s that splits a plant into levels 0 to 4: the process, field devices, control systems (DCS, HMI, SCADA), manufacturing operations (MES, batch, historians) and business logistics (ERP). ISA-95 uses the same levels, and most plant network and security drawings start from it.
Read more: IEC 62443 explained: zones, conduits, security levels and the Purdue model - Recipe (ISA-88; Vietnamese: công thức mẻ)
- In batch control, the description of what to make, how much and in which order, kept separate from the equipment logic that knows how to do it. ISA-88 defines four recipe types: general, site, master and control; the control recipe is the one for a single batch.
Read more: ISA-88 (IEC 61512) batch control: physical model, procedures, recipes and phase states - Security level (SL; Vietnamese: mức an ninh)
- In IEC 62443-3-3, a level from SL 1 to SL 4 defined by the attacker it should resist, from casual or accidental violation up to intentional attack with sophisticated means and extensive resources. A target level (SL-T) is set for each zone and conduit by risk assessment and compared with what the system can do natively (SL-C) and what is actually achieved (SL-A).
Read more: IEC 62443 explained: zones, conduits, security levels and the Purdue model - Zone (IEC 62443; Vietnamese: vùng an ninh)
- A group of assets, physically or functionally related, that share the same security requirements; every asset of the control system belongs to a zone. In practice a zone is drawn around equipment to be protected to the same level, such as one production line or the SCADA servers.
Read more: IEC 62443 explained: zones, conduits, security levels and the Purdue model
Rockwell Automation (Allen-Bradley)
- CompactLogix
- Allen-Bradley (Rockwell Automation) PLC family. The 5370 uses 1769 I/O; on the 5380 the local I/O is Compact 5000 modules mounted beside the controller. It is the usual migration target for SLC 500, MicroLogix 1500 and older CompactLogix 1768/1769 controllers.
Read more: CompactLogix 1768-L43 and 1768-L45 end of life: migrating to 5380 (5069) or 5370 (1769-L3x) - ControlLogix
- Allen-Bradley (Rockwell Automation) PLC family in which the controller and I/O modules sit in a 1756 chassis. It is one of the two controller families of PlantPAx, can run as a redundant pair, and its process controllers add dedicated process instructions.
Read more: What is a DCS? PLC-based system vs DCS, Rockwell PlantPAx and where the SIS fits in an ICSS - ControlLogix redundancy (Vietnamese: dự phòng bộ điều khiển)
- A ControlLogix setup with two matched chassis: the primary controller runs the program and synchronises data to the secondary, which takes over control when a fault occurs. Partner modules must match in type, slot and firmware, and no I/O is placed in a redundant chassis.
Read more: What to check on a ControlLogix redundancy system before FAT: a checklist for 5580 and 5570 - FactoryTalk AssetCentre
- Rockwell software for automatic program backup and version control. It keeps controller, HMI and device files in a versioned archive with check-out/check-in, runs scheduled backups that compare each device with the master copy and report differences, and logs who changed what.
Read more: FactoryTalk AssetCentre: automatic, versioned PLC/HMI program backup - FactoryTalk Optix
- Rockwell Automation's newer visualization platform, with web-based or desktop design and a runtime on OptixPanel terminals or Windows and Linux computers. Runtime licensing is based on feature tokens, and it adds OPC UA and MQTT connectivity.
Read more: FactoryTalk View SE vs ME vs FactoryTalk Optix: Differences and Migration Checks - FactoryTalk View ME
- ME = Machine Edition. Rockwell's machine-level HMI software (Machine Edition) for a single machine. Applications are built in FactoryTalk View Studio and run on PanelView Plus terminals or industrial computers.
Read more: FactoryTalk View SE vs ME vs FactoryTalk Optix: Differences and Migration Checks - FactoryTalk View SE
- SE = Site Edition. Rockwell's HMI/SCADA software (Site Edition) that scales from one workstation to a distributed system with HMI servers, data servers and client workstations. It is the visualization layer of PlantPAx and supports redundant servers.
Read more: FactoryTalk View SE vs ME vs FactoryTalk Optix: Differences and Migration Checks - GuardLogix
- The safety versions of Rockwell's Logix controllers: GuardLogix 5580 alongside ControlLogix 5580, and Compact GuardLogix (5370, 5380) alongside CompactLogix. Besides standard logic, the project holds a safety portion (logic, data and configuration) identified by a safety task signature, and the controller works with CIP Safety I/O.
Read more: Replacing a Failed Compact GuardLogix 5370: Signature, SNN, Firmware, I/O Ownership and the Path to 5380 - Major fault (Logix; Vietnamese: lỗi nặng Logix)
- A fault that stops a Logix 5000 controller from executing logic: the controller goes to faulted mode and outputs go to the state configured for faulted mode. It is identified by a Type and a Code (for example T04:C20), and both numbers are needed to read it.
Read more: Major faults on ControlLogix, CompactLogix and GuardLogix: reading Type/Code and what to check - Minor fault (Logix; Vietnamese: lỗi nhẹ Logix)
- A Logix controller fault that does not stop the program: the controller keeps running and only records the fault for the programmer or maintenance team to read. Some minor faults, such as a weak battery or ESM, warn of a bigger failure to come.
Read more: Logix 5000 minor faults: the controller keeps running, but do not ignore them - PlantPAx
- Rockwell Automation's distributed control system, built on ControlLogix and CompactLogix controllers. Rockwell defines it as a set of system elements (PASS servers, operator and engineering workstations, AssetCentre, batch and historian servers), redundant architectures, a Process Library and a released set of recommended software versions.
Read more: What is a DCS? PLC-based system vs DCS, Rockwell PlantPAx and where the SIS fits in an ICSS - Redundancy module (Vietnamese: module dự phòng)
- The module, one per chassis in the same slot, that links the two chassis of a ControlLogix redundant pair over direct fibre, not through a switch. At start-up the redundancy modules check that both chassis have matching modules and firmware (qualification) before synchronising; examples are the 1756-RM2 and 1756-RM3.
Read more: What to check on a ControlLogix redundancy system before FAT: a checklist for 5580 and 5570
Product lifecycle and migration
- Active Mature
- A Rockwell lifecycle status: the product is still fully supported, but a newer product family exists. Unlike End of Life, no discontinuation date has been announced.
Read more: FLEX I/O 1794 to FLEX 5000 (5094) Migration: When to Move, Equivalent Modules, Terminal Bases, Software - Discontinued
- A Rockwell lifecycle status: the product is no longer manufactured, though repair or exchange may still be offered.
Read more: What is industrial automation? Levels from sensor to MES, networks, production types and the system life cycle - End of Life
- A Rockwell lifecycle status: a discontinuation date has been announced and the product can still be ordered until that date. It is the time to plan migration and last-time buys.
Read more: FLEX I/O 1794 to FLEX 5000 (5094) Migration: When to Move, Equivalent Modules, Terminal Bases, Software - Engineering Replacement
- A Rockwell replacement label meaning that moving to the successor product needs engineering work; it is not a direct swap. Some products are listed as Engineering Replacement without naming any replacement catalog number.
Read more: Replacing a Failed Compact GuardLogix 5370: Signature, SNN, Firmware, I/O Ownership and the Path to 5380 - Migration (Vietnamese: chuyển đổi hệ thống)
- Replacing an old or discontinued control system, or part of it (controller, I/O, HMI, network), with a current product line. It usually means converting and bench-testing the program, a FAT, then replacing the system section by section in shutdown windows, keeping what can be kept, such as field wiring.
Read more: Upgrade Paths for Legacy Allen-Bradley Systems: SLC 500, MicroLogix, 1768, PanelView, FLEX I/O, ControlNet
Maintenance and condition monitoring
- Condition monitoring (Vietnamese: giám sát tình trạng)
- Monitoring that keeps a machine's signals (on rotating machines: vibration, position and speed), adds spectra and phase, and trends them so that slower degradation is found early and the repair can be planned before a fault grows into a trip.
Read more: Vibration monitoring and predictive maintenance for compressors and turbines: sensors, API 670, retrofit - Keyphasor (phase reference; Vietnamese: tín hiệu mốc pha)
- A probe facing a notch on the shaft that gives one pulse per revolution, used as the reference for phase, speed and timing in vibration monitoring. Keyphasor is Bently Nevada's name for it.
Read more: Vibration monitoring and predictive maintenance for compressors and turbines: sensors, API 670, retrofit - Machinery protection (Vietnamese: bảo vệ máy)
- A system that watches shaft vibration, axial position and speed continuously and trips the machine through a relay to the shutdown logic when a set limit is crossed. It is meant for fast, dangerous failures; API 670 sets minimum requirements for such systems.
Read more: Vibration monitoring and predictive maintenance for compressors and turbines: sensors, API 670, retrofit - Predictive maintenance (Vietnamese: bảo trì dự đoán)
- Maintenance timed by the machine's actual condition rather than a preset schedule: measurements that detect the onset of degradation are judged against limits set for action. It needs diagnostic equipment and trained staff; vibration analysis is one of its techniques, alongside infrared, acoustic and oil analysis.
Read more: Vibration monitoring and predictive maintenance for compressors and turbines: sensors, API 670, retrofit - Proximity probe (eddy current probe; Vietnamese: đầu dò tiệm cận)
- A probe mounted in the bearing housing that induces small eddy currents in the shaft surface; its driver outputs a voltage proportional to the distance from probe tip to shaft. It measures shaft vibration relative to the bearing and, from the same signal, the average shaft position.
Read more: Vibration monitoring and predictive maintenance for compressors and turbines: sensors, API 670, retrofit
Testing and commissioning
- Commissioning (Vietnamese: chạy thử, đưa vào vận hành)
- Checking that every component, from single instruments up to whole systems, is installed and works to the owner's requirements before handover. It applies to expansions and revamps as well as new plants.
Read more: What is industrial automation? Levels from sensor to MES, networks, production types and the system life cycle - FAT (Vietnamese: nghiệm thu tại xưởng)
- FAT = Factory Acceptance Test. Testing at the supplier's site before installation: completeness, verification against the contract, proof of function by simulation or function test, and a final inspection. IEC 62381:2024 gives requirements and checklists for it.
Read more: What is industrial automation? Levels from sensor to MES, networks, production types and the system life cycle - SAT (Vietnamese: nghiệm thu tại hiện trường)
- SAT = Site Acceptance Test. The acceptance test the users may run at the plant after installation, following the FAT. IEC 62381:2024 covers it together with the FAT.
Read more: What is industrial automation? Levels from sensor to MES, networks, production types and the system life cycle